Effects of strength training in people with multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common degenerative disease in young adults and its rehabilitative treatment focuses on improving symptoms and restoring functionality One of the recent studied methods is the strength training, simultaneous with balance exercises, improvement of walking and body ability. Thus, the purpose of this review is to analyze the application of strength training programs in subjects with MS.

Methods: In February 2020 the Cinahl and Medline databases were consulted, using the MeSH descriptors "multiple sclerosis" and "resistance training". The search yielded 89 results, of which 17 studies were analyzed that fit the objective of the review.

Results: The effects of isolated strength training programs have been analyzed by means of continuous or interval high-intensity aerobic protocols, with increases in workload or progressive resistance, suspension training (TRX), resistance with body weight, hatha yoga, and their combination with cardiovascular exercise, self-guided physical activity, neuromuscular electro-stimulation or functional training of functionality and walking. Variables of neuromuscular strength and function (spasticity, proprioception), functionality (mobility, motor capacity, balance, fatigue and weariness), metabolic parameters (glucose tolerance, brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), body composition, cortisol and DHEA, inflammatory mediators, immunomodulatory markers, aerobic capacity) and parameters such as quality of life, satisfaction, adherence and participation were analyzed.

Conclusions: Strength training protocols used alone or in combination with other methods improve muscle strength and gait functionality of subjects with MS, as well as metabolic parameters. However, their involvement in the regulation of neuroprotective factors has not been demonstrated.